Glycolate 1 (Glycopyrrolate) 1 mg

Glycolate 1 is available in tablet form:

• Dosage form and packaging: 1 blister contains 10 tablets. A complete factory package contains 10 blisters (100 tablets).
• Active Substance: Glycopyrrolate — 1 mg per tablet.
• Excipients: Lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, magnesium stearate, colorant (coating/mass).

Pharmacodynamics: Glycopyrrolate blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m-cholinergic receptors) in peripheral tissues. This leads to the suppression of secretions from eccrine sweat glands, salivary and bronchial glands, as well as a reduction in gastric acid production. The drug reduces the tone and motility of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract.

Pharmacokinetics: When taken orally, glycopyrrolate is absorbed irregularly (bioavailability is about 10–20%). Action begins within 1–2 hours and lasts from 8 to 12 hours. Due to its polar structure (quaternary ammonium), the drug does not pass through the blood-brain barrier and placental barrier in significant quantities. It is excreted mainly unchanged in bile and urine.

Glycolate 1 is prescribed by a physician for the following conditions:

• 🔹 Hyperhidrosis: Treatment of severe forms of primary localized or generalized excessive sweating (palms, feet, axillae, face).
• 🔹 Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea): Control of excessive drooling in patients with neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, consequences of a stroke).
• 🔹 Gastrointestinal Diseases: As part of combination therapy for gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, hyperacid gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to relieve spasms.

Glycolate 1 is intended for oral administration:

• 💊 Standard Dose: The initial dose for hyperhidrosis and hypersalivation is usually 1 mg (1 tablet) 2–3 times a day. If necessary, the dose may be adjusted by a physician up to 2 mg 2–3 times a day.
• ⏱️ Administration Details: For maximum absorption, it is recommended to take the drug on an empty stomach — 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals, with a sufficient amount of water.
• ⚠️ Individual Selection: Dosage is selected strictly individually until the desired clinical effect is achieved with minimal side effects.

The use of Glycolate 1 is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• ❌ Hypersensitivity to glycopyrrolate or auxiliary components.
• ❌ Angle-closure glaucoma.
• ❌ Obstructive diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (pyloric stenosis, paralytic ileus, intestinal atony).
• ❌ Severe ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon.
• ❌ Obstructive uropathy (including urinary retention in prostatic hyperplasia).
• ❌ Myasthenia gravis.
• ❌ Severe cardiovascular instability (tachyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation).

When using Glycolate 1 concurrently with other medicinal products, consider the following factors:

• ⚠️ Other Anticholinergic Agents: Enhance dry mouth, urinary retention, and other side effects (amantadine, tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, 1st-generation antihistamines).
• ⚠️ Potassium Supplements (in solid forms): Increases the risk of irritation and ulceration of the GI mucosa due to slowed motility.
• ⚠️ Antacids: May decrease the absorption of glycopyrrolate (it is recommended to observe an interval of at least 1–2 hours).

The use of Glycolate 1 during pregnancy is permissible only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. During lactation, use is contraindicated or requires discontinuation of breastfeeding, as anticholinergic agents can suppress lactation.

Side effects of Glycolate 1 are due to its anticholinergic mechanism of action:

• 👅 Digestive System (Very Common): Dry mouth (xerostomia), decreased taste sensation, constipation, nausea.
• 👁️ Organs of Vision: Pupil dilation (mydriasis), accommodation disorder (blurred vision), photophobia, dry eyes.
• 💧 Urinary System: Difficulty urinating, urinary retention.
• ❤️ Cardiovascular System: Tachycardia, palpitations, decreased sweating (risk of overheating in hot weather).

Symptoms of Overdose: Severe dry mouth, sharp visual impairment, tachycardia, urinary retention, hyperthermia (increased body temperature due to lack of sweating), agitation, or convulsions.

Overdose Treatment: Gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal. In severe anticholinergic syndrome, physostigmine is administered. Symptomatic therapy is performed (cooling the body during hyperthermia, bladder catheterization).

Rules for storing Glycolate 1:

• 🌡️ Temperature Regime: Store in a dry, light-protected place at temperatures from 15 °C to 25 °C.
• 💧 Moisture Protection: Store in the original blister.
• 👶 Safety: Keep out of reach of children. Do not use after the expiration date.

To confirm the authenticity of Glycolate 1, pay attention to the following features:

• 🛡️ Packaging and Logo: The INTAS company logo is clearly printed on the box and blister (in an oval frame). The cardboard box has a characteristic beige-brown design with a red vertical stripe.
• 🔍 Marking: The batch number (Batch No.), date of manufacture (Mfg Date), and expiration date (Exp Date) are embossed or printed on the blister foil and box end.
• 📦 Shape and Color of Tablets: Tablets are round, small, reddish-orange/brownish shade, neatly packaged in a blister made of dark foil.